Dental and surgical handpiece with disposable cartridge

ABSTRACT

A dental and surgical handpiece with disposable cartridge of the present invention includes a reusable handpiece and a disposable cartridge. The disposable cartridge contains all the major moving parts that provide torque and RPM for high speed dental drilling. The disposable cartridge detachably couples with the head of the reusable handpiece. The handpiece can be heat sterilized after the disposable cartridge is removed. The performance of the handpiece is not reduced by the sterilization since the turbine and bearings are contained in the disposable cartridge.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 08/567,473 filed Dec. 5, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,435.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to dental and surgical instruments. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to a handpiece having adisposable cartridge assembly containing a turbine, shaft and bearing.

2. Problems in the Art

According to data released by the American Dental Association, infectioncontrol is the second largest area of concern to dentists. The rise inconcern of infection control is in a large part due to recentdocumentation which demonstrates that disease can be transmitted in thedental office by blood and saliva retained in the turbine, shaft andbearings of a high speed handpiece. Infection control, specifically witha high speed handpiece, has become a public concern after reports ofpatients reportedly contracting the HIV virus at their dentist office.Additional research links nosocomial infections in the dentist officedirectly to the use of the high speed handpiece.

The concern of infection control is not limited to the transmission ofthe HIV virus, but also includes the transmission of Tuberculosis,Pneumonia, Influenza, the common cold, Oral Herpes, and possibly thetransmission of Hepatitis B.

As a result of the growing concern of transmission of diseases betweenpatients, dentists have had to conform to more stringent cleaning andsterilization procedures for their handpieces. Included in thoseprocedures is autoclaving handpieces after each patient. Autoclaving isa process of sterilization that heats the handpieces above 250° F. for acertain amount of time to kill germs. A "cool-down" period is thenrequired before the handpiece can be used on another patient.

The combination of the air, water, and the high speed rotation of thedrilling bur creates an aerosol, which includes tissue, blood, andsaliva, that is drawn up into the turbine, shaft, and bearings of thehandpiece along with the residual lubricants left in the handpiece. Forproper cleaning of a typical prior art handpiece, the drill bur must beremoved from the handpiece. The top is then removed from the head of thehandpiece, generally by unscrewing a cover plate, and the turbine, shaftand bearings are then removed and then cleaned and autoclaved. Damage tothe various parts can result if care is not taken. The handpiece iseasily cleansed and autoclaved since it has no small intricate movingparts once the turbine, shaft and bearings have been removed.

Currently, it is difficult to properly clean the complete handpieceassembly prior to autoclaving. While the turbine, shaft, and bearingsare separable from the tube structure of the handpiece, they aredifficult to clean and sterilize due to their small intricate design.The empty handpiece is more easily cleaned and sterilized.

The residual debris found in the mechanisms of the handpiece can containand trap microorganisms which were drawn up into the turbine, shaft, andbearings. The microorganisms can later migrate back down the drill buror into the handpiece channels where they can harbor, multiply, and beforcibly introduced into the body tissues of subsequent patients.

Since the turbine, shaft, and bearings are not changed from patient topatient, cross contamination is probable.

The transmittal of organisms associated with diseases such asTuberculosis, Oral Herpes, Hepatitis and HIV via the handpiece assemblyis of prime concern due to the potential introduction of highconcentrations of microorganisms into the oral cavity.

A conventional high-speed dental handpiece assembly is connected at oneend to a base coupler assembly which provides fluid and air underpressure. The opposite end (head) contains the chamber housing thecomponents necessary to provide high speed rotation under air pressure(typically, the turbine, shaft, and bearings). Conventionally, the airpressure rotatably drives the turbine which contains a shaft with achuck designed to grip the cutting bur. This design normally requires achuck tool to tighten the chuck onto the bur and to loosen the chuckwhen removing the bur. The chuck can be over tightened distorting andcausing damage to the chuck. Due to under tightening, or slightvariances in bur shank size, the bur can slip, and not rotate or cutproperly. Also, debris can get lodged in the chuck. A dentist can wastea significant amount of time looking for the bur tool, untightening thechuck, replacing a cutting bur, retightening the chuck, and removing thebur tool. If this procedure is not performed correctly, or if the shankof the bur is undersized, or if debris is present in the chuck, thecutting bur may slip and not cut properly.

The extreme heat of autoclaving causes any remaining lubricants, blood,tissue, and saliva to bake into the turbine, shaft and bearings,eventually causing "lock-up" of the internal moving parts.

It can be seen that the cleaning and sterilization process is costly andtime consuming. Not only is the procedure itself costly and timeconsuming to a dentist, but the autoclaving and cool-down betweenpatients requires additional handpieces. The performance of thehandpiece assembly is reduced as repeated autoclaving adds to thebuild-up of baked on debris which can result in smaller patient loadsdue to scheduling around autoclaving or increased personnel to clean andautoclave on a more rapid interval.

FEATURES OF THE INVENTION

A general feature of the present invention is the provision of a dentalhandpiece with a disposable cartridge assembly.

A further feature of the present invention is the provision of a dentalhandpiece with disposable cartridge assembly including a turbine, shaft,and bearing.

A further feature of the present invention is the provision of a dentalhandpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which can be easilyinserted and removed from the dental handpiece.

A further feature of the present invention is the provision of a dentalhandpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which provides the userwith an easy method of sanitizing the dental instrument.

An optional feature of the present invention is the provision of adental handpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which includes adrilling bur.

An optional feature of the present invention is the provision of adental handpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which includes aremoving tool.

An optional feature of the present invention is the provision of adental handpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which is secured tothe dental handpiece by any number of fastening means.

An optional feature of the present invention is the provision of adental handpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which is secured tothe dental handpiece with a spring loaded ball detent.

An optional feature of the present invention is the provision of adental handpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which is secured tothe dental handpiece with a compression snap-in device.

An optional feature of the present invention is the provision of adental handpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which is secured tothe dental handpiece with a threaded screw in fastening means.

An optional feature of the present invention is the provision of adental handpiece with disposable cartridge assembly which is secured tothe dental handpiece by a quarter turn lock in position thread fasteningmeans.

These as well as other features will become apparent from the followingspecification and claims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The dental and surgical tool of the present invention is comprised of ahandpiece and a disposable cartridge removably coupled to the handpiece.The cartridge houses the moving parts of the tool which is preferably afluid powered tool. The moving parts may include a turbine, shaft,bearings, seals, and accessories required to hold a drilling bur. Afterusing the tool, the user may sterilize the tool by simply removing anddisposing of the cartridge and cleaning the handpiece which includes nomoving parts. Before using the tool again, the user inserts a newcartridge into the handpiece.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a dental handpiece, disposable cartridge,and drill bur of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the dental handpiece with thedisposable cartridge inserted.

FIGS. 3-7 show various means for securing the disposable cartridgeassembly to the dental handpiece.

FIG. 8 shows an alternative disposable cartridge assembly which includesa drill bur.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the dental tool of thisinvention wherein the cartridge slide-lockingly mounts to the head endof the handpiece.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the cartridge and handpieceof FIG. 9 and shows the structure for slide-lockingly detachablymounting the cartridge to the handpiece.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of the cartridge housing.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged perspective view of the portion of the handpiecewhich detachably interlocks with the cartridge.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention will be described as it applies to its preferredembodiment. It is not intended that the present invention be limited tothe described embodiment. It is intended that the invention cover allalternatives, modifications, and equivalences which may be includedwithin the spirit and scope of the invention.

The present invention pertains to a high speed rotary cutting tool ofthe type usable in dental and surgical procedures, and to a disposablecartridge containing all the moving, working parts that install into thechamber (head) of the handpiece forming the handpiece assembly.

FIG. 1 shows a dental handpiece 10 with a disposable cartridge 18 of thepresent invention. A handpiece 10 is shown having a cavity 12 formed inone end of the handpiece 10. The opposite end of the handpiece 10includes a base coupler assembly 14 which connects to a source of fluidpower (not shown), typically pressurized air. Between the base coupler14 and the cavity 12 are a number of air passages 16 (shown by singledashed lines in FIG. 1) which provide a passageway for the compressedair to flow between the fluid power source and the cavity 12. Note thatthe handpiece 10 itself does not have any moving parts.

Also shown in FIG. 1 is a disposable cartridge 18 which is adapted to beremovably inserted into the cavity 12 of the handpiece 10. The cartridge18 includes the moving parts which are powered by the fluid powersource. Contained within the disposable cartridge 18 is a turbine,shaft, bearings, seals, and accessories required to hold a drilling burand to provide spacing (loading) for the bearings. When the disposablecartridge 18 is inserted into the cavity 12 (FIG. 2), the airpassageways 16 will be in communication with the turbine so that thefluid power source is able to drive the turbine and therefore power thedental handpiece. FIG. 1 also shows a drill bur 20 which is insertedinto a chuck mechanism (not shown) contained within the disposablecartridge 18. With the drill bur 20 coupled to the chuck and thecartridge 18 inserted into the cavity 12 (FIG. 2), the drill bur can berotated and powered by the fluid power source.

The disposable cartridge 18 comprises an outer housing 22 designed tocontain the moving parts and to fasten to the handpiece 10 within thecavity 12. The outer housing 22 of the cartridge 18 is preferably roundshaped although other shapes could be used within the scope of theinvention.

The disposable cartridge 18 can be secured to the handpiece 10 in anynumber of ways. FIGS. 3-7 show just a few specific examples of ways tosecure the cartridge 18 within cavity 12 of the handpiece 10.

FIG. 3 shows a handpiece 10A and a cartridge 18A adapted to be securedtogether using a spring loaded ball detent fastener. The handpiece 10Aincludes a hole 24 formed perpendicular to the cavity 12. Within thehole 24 are a spring 26 and a ball 28. The ball 28 is movable within thehole 24 and is biased outward by the spring 26. The cartridge could alsobe secured by placement of the ball and spring in the cartridge and thedetent in the handpiece. The disposable cartridge 18A includes a recess30. When the cartridge 18A is inserted within the cavity 12, the ball 28will be biased against the cartridge 18 within recess 30 securing thecartridge in place. The cartridge 18A also includes a tongue 32 whichcomes into engagement with a groove 34 formed in the handpiece 10A sothat the cartridge 18 will not rotate relative to the handpiece 10A.

FIG. 4 shows a handpiece 10B and a disposable cartridge 18B adapted tobe secured together using a compression snap-in fastener. The snap-infastener 36 could be in the form of a "G" ring, spring ring or snapring. The cartridge 18B includes a projection 36 extending around theperimeter of the top of the cartridge 18B. The handpiece 10B includes amatching slot 38 formed in the cavity 12. To secure the cartridge 18B tothe handpiece 10B, the cartridge is pressed into the cavity compressingthe projection 36 until it reaches the slot 38. The cartridge 18Bincludes a tongue 32 which engages with a matching groove 34 formed inthe cavity 12 to prevent the cartridge from rotating relative to thehandpiece 10B. To remove the disposable cartridge 18B, a removal tool isused to push the cartridge 18B out of the handpiece 10B by inserting thetool through a hole 40 formed in the handpiece 10B.

FIG. 5 shows a handpiece 10C and a disposable cartridge 18C adapted tobe secured together using a threaded fastener. The disposable cartridge18C includes male threads 42 which are adapted to be screwed into femalethreads 44 which are formed in the handpiece 10C.

FIG. 6 shows a handpiece 10D and a disposable cartridge 18D adapted tobe secured together using a quarter turn lock-in position threads or acam type fastener. The cartridge 18D includes two projections 46 adaptedto fit within slots 48 which are formed in the handpiece 10D. The slots48 are L-shaped as shown in FIG. 7. After the cartridge 18D is insertedinto the cavity 12 of handpiece 10D, the cartridge 18 is rotated tosecure the cartridge within the cavity 12.

FIG. 8 shows an alternative disposable cartridge 18E. The disposablecartridge 18E includes a drill bur 20B which is formed as part of thedisposable cartridge 18E such that when the cartridge 18E is insertedand removed, the drill bur 20B is inserted and removed with thecartridge 18E. In this way, the drill bur 20B is disposable along withthe cartridge 18E. Also, there is no need for a chuck or chuck tool. Inthis embodiment, the shaft of the drill bur 20B may be integral to theturbine of the cartridge.

Since the disposable cartridge 18 is a separate assembly from thehandpiece 10, it is disposable where as the handpiece 10 is reused afterit is cleaned and sterilized. Thus, the handpiece maintenance is reduceddue to the prevention of an accumulation of clogging, debris baked intothe turbine, shaft, and bearing assembly. Moreover, the patient topatient cross contamination from microorganisms drawn into the assemblyand later forced out of the assembly is reduced or eliminated since thecartridge assembly is disposed of after it is used.

The disposable cartridge 18 is designed to quickly lock into thehandpiece 10 to facilitate quick assembly, removal and disposal of thecartridge 18. The design of the cartridge 18 allows for the quickremoval and disposal of all parts that are difficult to clean. Thereused part of the handpiece does not contain any small moving partsthat are difficult to clean and subject to a "baked on" build-upresulting from autoclaving the handpiece.

The new disposable cartridge 18 could be delivered to the dentist in apre-sterilized condition, packaged and ready for easy placement (andlocking) into the head of the reusable handpiece.

FIGS. 9-12 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention inwhich the cartridge 118 slide-lockingly and detachably couples with theelongated handpiece 110. The handpiece 110 has a power input end 112which preferably receives fluid power from a conventional source ofpressurized fluid (not shown). A power output end 114 resides generallyopposite the input end 112 and includes at least one air power port116A, 116B therein where the handpiece 110 operatively terminates. Agroove 134 in the handpiece 110 surrounds the fluid power port 116A,116B and provides the means for slide-lockingly and detachably couplingthe cartridge 118 to the handpiece 110.

The cartridge 118 is preferably disposable and has a housing 122 with aturbine 124 rotatably mounted or journaled therein. The turbine 124drivingly engages a tool 120, such as a bur, drill, or the like. Asnap-on retaining cap 126 sealingly and frictionally fits over anopening 128 in the housing 122 adjacent the turbine 124. The shank ofthe tool 120 extends into, and preferably through, a hole 136 formed inthe retaining cap 126. The housing 122 has at least one fluid port 138A,138B which is in fluid communication with the turbine 124. The air ports138A, 138B on the cartridge 118 are adapted to register with the fluidports 116A, 116B, respectively, on the handpiece 110.

A tongue 132 is formed on the surface of the cartridge 118, preferablyan exterior surface. A mating groove 134 is formed on the exteriorsurface of the handpiece 110. The groove 134 extends transversely withrespect to the longitudinal axis of the handpiece 110. The groove 134and the tongue 132 have complementary dovetailed shapes forslide-lockingly receiving each other. Both the groove 134 and tongue 132are tapered from one end to the other. This feature provides thepositive location needed to register the ports 116A, 116B, 138A, 138Bwith each other when the cartridge 118 fully couples with the handpiece110 so that the tongue 132 and groove 134 matingly interlock. A snugsliding fit is desirable so that the coupling cannot be inadvertentlybroken. Of course, the tongue 132 could be located on the handpiece 110and the groove 134 could be located on the cartridge 118 withoutdetracting from the invention.

Thus, the cartridge 118 is mechanically and fluidly coupled with thehandpiece 110. The tongue and groove structure prevents the cartridge118 from rotating relative to the handpiece 110.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been set forthin the drawings and specification, and although specific terms areemployed, these are used in a generic or descriptive sense only and arenot used for purposes of limitation. Changes in the form and proportionof parts as well as in the substitution of equivalents are contemplatedas circumstances may suggest or render expedient without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention as further defined in thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A dental tool comprising:an elongated handpiecehaving a power input end and a power output end generally opposite thepower input end; a dental tool cartridge slide-lockingly and detachablycoupled where the power output end of the handpiece operativelyterminates; and a tongue being formed on an exterior surface of one ofthe cartridge and the handpiece and a groove for matingly interlockingwith the tongue being formed on the other of the cartridge and thehandpiece; the groove having a dovetailed shape.
 2. The dental tool ofclaim 1 wherein the cartridge is disposable.
 3. The dental tool of claim1 wherein the groove extends transversely with respect to a longitudinalaxis of the handpiece.
 4. The dental tool of claim 1 wherein the groovehas opposite ends, and a width that is tapered smaller from one of theends to the other of the ends.
 5. The dental tool of claim 1 wherein thetongue has opposite ends, and a width that is tapered smaller from oneof the ends to the other of the ends.
 6. The dental tool of claim 1comprising a fluid power port on the power output end of the handpieceand a fluid power port on the cartridge which registers with the fluidpower port on the power output end of the handpiece when the cartridgeis fully coupled with the handpiece.
 7. The dental tool of claim 6wherein the cartridge has a passage therein fluidly operativelyconnecting the port of the power output end of the handpiece with aturbine mounted in the cartridge.
 8. The dental tool of claim 1 whereinthe cartridge includes a drilling bur.
 9. A dental tool comprising:anelongated handpiece having a power input end and a power output endgenerally opposite the power input end; a dental tool cartridgeslide-lockingly and detachably coupled where the power output end of thehandpiece operatively terminates; and a tongue being formed on anexterior surface of one of the cartridge and the handpiece and a groovefor matingly interlocking with the tongue being formed on the other ofthe cartridge and the handpiece; the tongue having a dovetailed shapeadapted to slidingly fit snugly in the groove.
 10. A dental toolcomprising:an elongated handpiece having a power input end and a poweroutput end generally opposite the power input end; a dental toolcartridge slide-lockingly and detachably coupled where the power outputend of the handpiece operatively terminates; the cartridge having asubstantially planar exterior surface thereon for mechanically engagingand fluidly coupling with a substantially planar surface on thehandpiece; and an air power port on the power output end of thehandpiece intersecting the planar surface of the handpiece andregistering with an air power port on the cartridge which is incommunication with an air turbine housed within the cartridge; wherebyupon mechanical engagement, the planar surfaces of the cartridge and thehandpiece sealingly engage each other so as to define a sealed fluidcoupling surrounding the air power ports.